Why so few men choose nursing as their profesion Research Paper

Why so few men choose nursing as their profesion - Research Paper Example This paper evaluates the reasons why men join nursing profession, analyzes the challenges they face and allays the misconceptions about male nurses, to show that men equally qualify as effective nurses. Introduction The professional roots of nursing could be traced back to the 20th Century when Florence Nightingale came up with professional schools for nursing (O’Lynn & Tranbarger, 2007). This professionalization of nursing by Nightingale that saw nursing rise in status as a women’s respectable profession saw men being marginalized in the profession. This has caused a minimization of the role of men and their history in nursing in spite of documented evidence of men in nursing dating back to as far as 250 BC (Wolfenden, 2011). This marginalization has since become a systemic issue and has become endemic to the nursing profession and education. However, it should be acknowledged that men equally provide care as women in nursing professions and the contrary stereotypes, m yths and beliefs propagated over years are misconceived. Previously, nursing was seen as a respectable profession for the women. Even though men were accepted into nursing profession, the medical model encouraged women nurses as the ideal position. This pushed men away from nursing into medicine, considered as a more socially acceptable profession for men (O’Lynn & Tranbarger, 2007). Whereas this approach is no longer being practiced, the nursing profession remains largely female dominated. Moore and Dienemann (2013) observe that the 2008 US Census identified only 5.5% as male nurses from the total nursing population. This replicates in many other parts of the world. The current trends in nursing indicate a shift from overtly denying men entry into nursing to a covert approach where men are denied nursing positions deemed unsuitable for them in declining their matriculation into nursing classes (Wolfenden, 2011). Men join nursing as a career just like any other careers and do not consider the profession to be less masculine. The reason for men joining nursing profession as observed by Moore and Dienemann (2013) is purely the motivation to help others, the principle guide in nursing. Intrinsic motivation could arise from previous work experience of such men. A research study by Tworney and Meadus (2008) in a Canadian province indicates that men join nursing profession as a normal career like any other, for salary and job security. These extrinsic motivators resemble those that inspire people to enter into other professions. With the instability in economies, geographic mobility, financial security and career needs, men have found nursing as a career like any other that could provide the much needed solution. Various studies have shown the satisfaction of male nurses with their profession (Kouta & Kaite, 2011; Moore & Dienemann, 2013; Wolfenden, 2011), some further citing the subjects encouraging other men to join the profession (Tworney & Meadus, 2008). Thus, nursing is a profession where men could fit in just as any other profession. On the other hand, one of the reasons why few men exist in the nursing profession has been the stereotypes in the nursing profession. Wilson (2009) observes that the public perceives nursing as a sex-role occupation that remains exclusive to females, a perception that remains deeply entrenched in the society due to the traditional image of a nurse as being white and female. This has been propagated by the mass media which reinforces nursing images solely on female attributes. This influences the perceptions of the society and feeds the bias cycle limiting the role of men in the profession of nursing. Furthermore, nursing

Discounted cash flow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discounted cash flow - Essay Example One of the valuation tools that analysts use to determine the stock valuation is discounted cash flow. They try to determine current value estimating future cash flows. Cash Flow is taken into account while making all estimations. Cash Flow (Free) gives far clear picture about the company for it takes into account the change in working capital as well as all investments made during the period. It can be expressed as under. Cash Flow = Net Profit+ Depreciation/Amortization-Expenditures-changes in working cap. Analysts take into account cash flows because it is difficult to manipulate while earnings can be manipulated and adjusted. (Free Cash†¦) When estimated cash flows are discounted to the present value as per the cost of capital for the number of years of operation, it gives a clear picture for the benefits accrued from the investments made in the company. Mathematically, it can be expressed as Present Value = CF1/(1+K)+ CF2 / (1+K)2 +CF3/ (1+K)3 +.......[TCF / (K  - R)] / ( 1+K)n-1 CFi = Cash flow in the year 1, 2, 3†¦ K = discount rate TCF = Cash flow in the terminal year R= growth rate assumption beyond terminal year n = the number of years including the terminal year In short, above model gives the present value of the company based on the cash flow estimates of the future. DCF analysis implies that the company is worth all the cash that can be made available to the investors in the future. Future cash flows are discounted to the present value so that comparison becomes possible on investments made and benefits accrued. All future benefits of the investments made accrue at different time intervals, for example, at the end of year 1, 2, 3, and so on. Methodology and formula is same for all the analysts yet end results will differ for the following reasons. 1. The Discount Rate taken into calculation will be different for different analyst. The discount rate is usually the cost of capital. Each company is made of debt and equity in its capital st ructure. The cost of debt can be known easily as per the going rate in the market but estimating the cost of equity is a bit complicated task where each analyst applies his or her judgment. The equity is shareholder’s money and not without the cost. It has also certain indirect cost implications. The share holders of the company expect to obtain a certain return on their equity investments. Equity is a risk capital and depending upon the general economic conditions of the market, share holder wants certain minimum return over and above risk free return available to them in the market. If the company does not meet shareholder’s expectation, they will simple exit from the company. That will cause the fall in the market price of the shares. In other words, the company must give some minimum return to the shareholders to maintain the price of shares in the market. This is, in a way, the cost of equity for the company. Every analyst will have own perception on this cost of equity. Thus, each analyst will have some different discounting factor in their mind. This will also vary as per the economic conditions of the country and risk factors associated with the company. 2. Cash Flow Forecast is another critical parameter where two analysts estimate always differ. It is always easy to forecast the cash flow for a few years down the line but it is not possible to have these estimates without error beyond few years. Each analyst’s perception about future market conditions and overall economic scenarios come into play. Some analyst may have a cautious approach in estimation of future cash flows while other may be a bit liberal or optimist in the projections. It is obvious that this will have a bearing on the valuation of the stock and cause variance on valuation of the stock. (Free Cash†¦) 3. The Growth Rate beyond the terminal year is a long visionary assumption. Farther we go, more difficult it becomes to arrive at the agreement on values. When company reaches to the maturity cycle after a few years of operation, it

Survey Says More Filipinos at Risk of Lifestyle Related Diseases Essay Example for Free

Survey Says More Filipinos at Risk of Lifestyle Related Diseases Essay Recent results of the National Nutrition and Health Survey (NNHeS II) by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST) showed that more Filipinos have hypertension, high fasting blood sugar and high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which are risk factors to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other lifestyle-related diseases. The NNHeS II showed that one in every four Filipino adults (25.3 percent) has hypertension or a blood pressure (BP) reading equal to or higher than 140/90 millimeter mercury (mmHg). The prevalence of hypertension significantly increased from 22.5 percent in 2003 to 25.3 percent in 2008 based on single BP determination. The survey further showed that 11 in every 100 (10.8 percent) have pre-hypertension or a BP reading at the range of 130-139/85-89 mmHg. High BP increases with age starting from age 40-49 years. The prevalence of high fasting blood sugar (FBS), an indicator of diabetes mellitus, is 5 in every 100 Filipino, based on the NNHeS II. The prevalence increased, though not significant, from 2003 with 3.4 percent to 4.8 percent in 2008. The prevalence of high FBS or hyperglycemia peaks at age 50-59 years. Moreover, the survey showed that 3 in every 100 Filipinos have impaired fasting glucose (IFG). IFG may progress to diabetes mellitus in a few years if not prevented. Hyperglycemia is an FBS level greater than 125 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), while IFG is an FBS level in the range of 110-125 mg/dL. Dyslipidemia or abnormal lipid levels significantly increased from 2003 to 2008. The NNHeS II showed that one in every ten (10.2 percent) Filipino adults has high total cholesterol level, while 21 in every 100 (21.2 percent) are borderline high. Furthermore, 15 in every 100 (14.6 percent) have high triglyceride level, while 16 in every 100 (15.5 percent) are borderline high. The prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) level increased from 54.2 percent in 2003 to 64.1 percent in 2008. In contrast, the prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) level did not change much, from 11.7 percent in 2003 to 11.8 percent in 2008. A person is considered to have a low HDL-c level if the fasting blood measurement is less than 40 mg/dl while a high LDL-c level of the fasting blood measurement is greater than or equal to 160 mg/dl. Hypertension, high FBS and dyslipidemia are major risk factors to lifestyle-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancer. These lifestyle-related diseases are among the diseases that currently dominate the list of leading causes of death in the country. These are also leading causes of morbidity, particularly diseases of the heart and the vascular system which are the two main leading causes. The government is intensively campaigning for healthy lifestyle to prevent these risk factors and diseases. The healthy lifestyle campaign promotes transformation of various settings into healthy settings, such as healthy workplace, healthy-eating place, healthy communities and healthy schools, among others. Message 10 of the Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos (NGF) developed by the Technical Working Group led by the FNRI-DOST recommends that for a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise regularly, do not smoke and avoid drinking alcoholic beverages. The NGF also suggests eating a variety of foods everyday, consuming more fruits, vegetables, rootcrops and legumes, as these are rich sources of fiber that help lower cholesterol level and prolong the response time of our body to blood glucose levels, and limiting the intake of salty foods to help prevent hypertension.

The Death Penalty is Wrong Essay -- essays research papers fc

The death penalty is absolutely outrageous. There is no real reason that the government should feel that it has the right to execute people. Capital punishment is murder just as much as the people being executed murdered. The is no need for the death penalty and it needs to be abolished. It goes against the Constitution which states that there will be no cruel and unusual punishment. There is nothing crueler than killing a person. A perfect example of the death penalty going awry is the state of Illinois. Former governor George Ryan has put a stay on all executions. This came as a result of finding thirteen death row inmates not guilty of their convicted crimes. Also, by staying executions, Illinois is not spending the three hundred million dollars to almost three hundred men and women to death row in the past twenty two years (Ryan 14). That is a ridiculous amount of money to send only three hundred to death row, making it approximately one million dollars a person. Those people make up only two percent of all convicted murders in Illinois (Ryan 14). This leaves ninety eight percent of killers in jail. Why are only three hundred people acceptable to kill when the other ninety eight percent are not? In New York as well, prosecutors have only sought capital punishment in twelve out of one hundred ninety eight possible cases. They have found that the penalty of life without the chance of parole works well, and have come to prefer it (Shipp). Without the philosophy of life without parole, inmates who are tried for the death penalty are tried unfairly. In the year 2000 in Illinois, eight out of ten inmates sentenced to capital punishment were minorities (Mendieta). â€Å"Minority inmates constitute 83% of those who have thus far been shown to be wrongfully convicted.† One study has shown that people who murdered white people were found more likely to be sentenced to death than people who have murdered African Americans (The Death Penalty is Wrong. Dead Wrong). â€Å"Between 1930 and 1990, 4,016 persons were executed in the United States. Of these, 2,129(or 53 percent) were black† (Bedau). But race is still not the only discrimination. â€Å"During the 1980s and aerially 1990s, only about 1 percent of all those on death row were women, even though women commit about 15 percent of all cri... ...s even more wrong to kill those people instead of forcing them to live day after day in a tiny cell to think about, and hopefully, feel remorseful about killing. Ending the lives of these criminals is letting them have the easy way out, which is certainly not what they deserve at all. The government needs to imprison these criminals because there is always a possibility that the person convicted is not guilty and if they were killed the government could do nothing at all to console those poor families of the wrong victim. Works Cited Bedau, Hugo Adam. â€Å"The Case Against the Death Penalty.† July 1992. ACLU Free Reading Room. 14 May 2003. . Mandieta, Ana. â€Å"Death Penalty Still Unfair, Report Says.† Chicago Tribune. 31 Jan 2001. Ryan, Bill. "Abolish the Death Penalty." Chicago Tribune. 05 Jan 2001: 14. "Second Judge Rules Against Death Penalty." Christian Century. 09 Oct 2002: 15. Shipp, E.R. "Justice's Doubts Bolster Case Against Death Penalty." Daily News. 10 July 2001. Willing, Richard. "Fight Against Death Penalty Gains Ground." USA Today. 11 Feb 2002: 3a. The Death Penalty is Wrong. Dead Wrong. 01 Aug 1999. 14 May 2003 .

Global warming exists Essay

The debate over whether global warming is a reality has received contradictory arguments from the various fronts on the global community. Opponents of the phenomenon assert that climate changes from time to time are natural occurrences. On the other side, proponents claim that the world has been experiencing trend of increase in temperatures of the earths near surface atmosphere since early twentieth century. This has particularly been attributed with the onset and increasing industrialization in the global community. Such have the implication that activities by mankind are to be blamed for the issue of climate change in the world. Given the available evidence that the world is experiencing unpredictable climate and weather patterns, global warming is no doubt a reality in the modern society. Causes of global warming According to scientific research findings, global warming is defined as the gradual increase in the temperatures of the earth’s atmosphere near the surface (Johansen, 2002). This has been closely associated with increased emission and accumulation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (Revkin, 2008). These gases are responsible for trapping heat emitted from the earth’s surface and thus increasing the atmospheric temperatures. It is worth noting that greenhouse gases are commonly a byproduct of the production process by industries. As an example to emphasis this claims, mankind activities are estimated to be producing carbon dioxide (which is the major greenhouse gas) at a rate of over 25 billion metric tons annually (Revkin, 2008). In addition, deforestation, which entails cutting down of trees by man has contributed to the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, although some natural processes such as fossil decay and volcanic eruptions can lead to greenhouse gas emission, mankind kind activities remain the main cause of global warming given the huge amounts of greenhouse gases produced by industries across the globe (Kluger, 2006). Evidence supporting the existence of global warming There are numerous evidences indicating the existence of global warming in the globe. First, the world is evidently witnessing a decline in its mountain ice and glaciers reserves (Kluger, 2006). According to available research findings, the rate Arctic shrinkage is higher than any other time in the history of mankind. Still, the world is experiencing a gradual but real rise in sea levels, a factor which is threatening the submergence of some low laying islands (Johansen, 2002). Such increases are evidently blamed for the increase in the rate of melting of mountain ice and glaciers. Global warming has been blamed for the occurrence of extreme weather conditions. Such include floods, droughts as well as heat waves, which are evident in the world today (Revkin, 2008). It is also claimed that due to global warming, expansion and evaporation of sea waters are high. Just to be appreciated is the fact that such high rates of evaporation of water into the atmosphere leads to increased rate of rain formation along the coastal regions. Such are indeed, the reason behind the frequent flooding witnessed in our coastal regions (Kluger, 2006). Therefore, since no one can refute the evidence of global warming on sea water expansion and increased flooding in the coastal regions, then global warming is a real threat to the sustainable social and economic development of the global community. The world is marked with the problem of unpredictable climate changes. As by the available statistics, the globe is witnessing a changing trend in its wind patterns (Johansen, 2002). It is worth noting that the process of wind formation is dependent on earth surface temperatures which lead to expansion of air. In addition, wind is a crucial factor in influencing the rain patterns across the globe. This is because it acts to carry water vapor from its source to other regions. Based on this reasoning, since wind and rain storms are no doubt a direct result of earth surface temperatures, then global warming must be a real phenomenon. Just to be emphasized here is the fact that such unpredictable wind patterns are responsible for the eminent failure by weather forecasting scientists in giving reliable region specific weather predictions. Therefore, the global temperature swings are responsible for the increasing formation of unpredictable weather patterns across the globe. Another proof in support that global warming is a real phenomenon is the trend of increased incidences of disease outbreaks across the globe (Johansen, 2002). True to the letter, traditionally, diseases were categorized by regions. However, due to climate changes, it is not uncommon it experience traditionally tropical diseases in other regions of the world (Johansen, 2002). According to available evidence, the human community is witnessing an increase in the number of skin cancer diseases. Such have been closely attributed to an increase in the amount of ultraviolet rays reaching the earth surface. It is worth noting here that such increases are a direct result of the evident shrinking of the ozone layer, a phenomenon that is termed as global warming. Conclusion It is clearly established that the world is increasingly witnessing an ever changing trend on its climate. Such are evident from the ever increasing mountain ice and glaciers reserves which lead to expansion of sea waters. This threatens the livelihood of those settled in the low coastal regions. The phenomenon is also blamed for unpredictable wind and rain patterns as well as increased spreading of diseases across the global. Therefore, global warming is a real phenomenon threatening the sustainable existence of the human community. References Johansen, B. (2002). The Global Warming Desk Reference. New York: Greenwood Press. Kluger, J. (2006). Global Warming Heats Up. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1176980,00. html Revkin, A. (2008). A Shift in the Debate over Global Warming. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from http://www. nytimes. com/2008/04/06/weekinreview/06revkin. html

Only Yesterday An Informal History of the 1920s by Frederick Lewis Allen Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The 1920s brought about may technological advances. As the prelude indicates, the motor industry in 1919 consisted of open cars of the old models. Moreover, the number of automobiles at that time was less than seven million, with poor roads and multiple speed limitations (7). In the decade that followed, the automobile industry advanced with new car models emerging, and about 23 million cars registered. Moreover, technology would bring about the radio, introducing a new media form in the society. Notably, print media also advanced with the number of distributed copies increasing immensely in the years that followed. Moreover, the society’s moral values would change immensely in the years between 1919 and 1930. At the conclusion of the world war, many Americans were conservative as highlighted by the example of the Smith family. Dress and groom for women was highly conservative in 1919. However, the 1920s brought about change as shorter skirts emerged with women using accessor ies and make-up becoming a part of the modern women (70). Other rigorous changes in the moral system altered the attitudes and perspectives demonstrated by people in the 1920s. We will write a custom essay sample on Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920's by Frederick Lewis Allen or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The gender roles in the society also changed. Evidently, the political system of the American system is also brought out in the book. After the war, the nation needed a president with the capacity of rebuilding the American nation, and making decisions that would terminate the extended effects of the war with countries such as Germany. The author portrays the people’s attitude to the president Harding, who earned popularity after his win in 1921. Although he was determined to help Americans in rebuilding their lives, his reign was not without scandal (97). The book highlights the multiple scandals that defined his leadership. It is worth highlighting that most of the Americans exhibited an ardent need for change, as some political leaders had not fulfilled their promises. On the other hand, many Americans were aware of the probable prohibition of alcohol in the years that would follow 1919. In the 1920s, the prohibition took its place, but wi th minimal success. Evidently, the author reveals that the prohibition would only serve to divide the people. In addition, the book describes the changes that transpired in the business world. After the world war, business would start booming with many people engaging in diversified forms of business. The stock market is one of the aspects of business that transformed the economic scenario of the United States.

Movie Review The Guilty Prison Essay - 1488 Words

Statement of Intent I’ve decided to write a film review because I am passionate about this film and how they make it seem so real and the lessons you can lessons you can learn from them. My purpose of this film review is to persuade people that this is an amazing film and a lot of life lessons that come with it. Title: The Guilty Prison Displacement The Shawshank redemption is drama film directed by Frank Darabont set in the Shawshank State Prison through the 1930’s to the 1940’s time period in the USA. Director Darabont has been nominated for multiple academy awards for the film which Is very unique and powerful from previous films he has directed or written. Compared to films in his early career as a screenwriter such as â€Å"The Night Mare on Elm Street†, â€Å"The Blob† and the â€Å"The Fly 11†. All were horror movies totally different compared to the Shawshank Redemption. But as Darabont gets older he gains greater experience in the industry he becomes the director of his own huge selling films such as â€Å"The Mist† and the â€Å"Green mile†. As the film â€Å"The Mist† is in the same style of â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption†. Darabont screen wrote for as earlier in his carrier. It is a classic American horror film based in the 1980’s. The film the â⠂¬ËœGreen Mile† would relate a lot more to The Shawshank Redemption since it is an academy drama film written about a young mans struggle and experiences. Since the two films are similar in genre that drama/crime with the same writer being Stephen King. IShow MoreRelatedThe Shawshank Redemption Is A Legend Of The 1990s1232 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The 1994 prison escape thriller The Shawshank Redemption is a legend of the 1990s. It has been acclaimed as the best prison movie to this date according to IMDb (Stenberg). 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